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Monica Mary Gardner (26 June 1873 - 16 April 1941, London) was an English writer on Poland and Polish writers and a translator of Polish literature. ==Life and work== Gardner was born in 1873 at Roehampton Lane in London. the eldest of the six children of John Gardner, a member of the stock exchange, and his wife Amy Vernon Garratt. Her brother was the Italian scholar Edmund Garratt Gardner.〔Gerald Stone, ‘Gardner, Monica Mary (1873–1941)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 (accessed 30 Nov 2015 )〕 Gardner studied the Polish language and literature after being intrigued at school by Bonnie Prince Charlie's mother who was the Polish aristocrat Clementina Sobieska.〔 In 1899 she began to get assistance in her obsession for Polish and Poland by the writer Edmund Naganowski. He was able to support her until the First World War prevented further communication.〔Monica Mary Gardner, ''The Anonymous Poet of Poland, Zygmunt Krasinski'', University Press, 1919, Preface, (p.vi )〕 Naganowski was to die in 1915. Gardner taught herself how to research sources in Polish and how to find out more about Poland. Her first monograph in 1911 was on Adam Mickiewicz who was regarded as the national poet of Poland.〔 She followed this with more books on her single theme. She was known as one of the few English speaking writers who studied Polish literature and history.〔(The Patriot Novelist of Poland: Henryk Sienkiewicz ), The Slavonic Review, P.711, 1929, Retrieved 29 November 2015〕 She wrote ''Poland: a Study in National Idealism'' in 1915 and ''The Anonymous Poet of Poland: Zygmunt Krasiński'' in 1919.〔 In 1922 she and her brother made, what may have been, her only visit to Poland. They visited Poznań and Cracow.〔 She wrote the ''The Patriot Novelist of Poland: Henryk Sienkiewicz'' in 1926. The latter was said to have been published to coincide with the return of Sienkiewicz's body from Switzerland to be encrypted in Warsaw Cathedral.〔 In between the wars Gardner lived with her mother and her brother who was dedicated to Italy and Italian. Monica's knowledge and expertise made their house a place to visit by notable visiting Poles.〔 With the outbreak of World War Two, which Britain entered after the German invasion of Poland, Gardner's expertise became more important. She died as a result of a German land mine which landed on her house.〔Julian Krzyzanowski, Monica Mary Gardner () Polish literature. Definitive Guide (Volume I), PWN, Warsaw, 1985, ISBN 83-01-05386-2, p. 287〕 One of her manuscripts was recovered from the bomb site, but another was lost. Gardner's funeral was an important event that was attended by the President of Poland, Władysław Raczkiewicz.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Monica Mary Gardner」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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